CCS Projects

Status of CCS Development

In addition to three large-scale demonstration projects, several smaller projects are in operation in six countries. Of these, two projects capture CO₂ at coal-based plants. The other current projects demonstrate carbon storage or reuse in enhanced coal bed methane. Additionally, more than 45 capture and storage projects are proposed in the U.S. and other countries.

Current Worldwide CCS Projects

Demonstration Projects

Sleipner West (Norway). Statoil and IEA began injecting CO₂ from a natural gas field into a saline formation under the North Sea in 1996. Currently, they store one million tons of CO₂ per year with no leakage. The projected cost is more than €350 million. (Storage)
Weyburn CO₂ Flood Project (Canada). EnCana and the International Energy Agency (IEA) began storing CO₂ from enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in 2000. During Phase 1 (2000-2004), more than seven million tons of CO₂ were stored, and the geology has been found suitable for long-term storage. The site will be maintained in order to study long-term sequestration. The second phase will include site characterization, leakage risks, monitoring and verification and a performance assessment. (Storage)
In Salah (Algeria). Sonatrach, BP and Statoil began capturing CO₂ from natural gas production in 2004 and storing it in depleted gas reservoirs. They store about one million tons of CO₂ per year, and the projected cost for the project is $1.7 billion. This is the world’s first full-scale CO₂ capture and storage project at a gas field. (Storage)
K12B (Netherlands). Gaz de France is investigating the feasibility of CO₂ storage in depleted natural gas reservoirs on the Dutch continental shelf. The CO₂ is injected in the same place from which it came. Injection started in 2004. (Storage)
Snøhvit (Norway). Statoil began storing CO₂ from gas production beneath the seabed in April 2008. At full capacity, it plans to store 700,000 tons of CO₂ a year. The projected cost is $110 million. (Storage)
La Barge (Wyoming). ExxonMobil captures 4 million tons of CO₂ per year from gas production, which is stored in depleted gas reservoirs. (Storage)

Pilot Projects

Fenn Big Valley (Canada). The Alberta Research Council began injecting CO₂ into deep coal beds for enhanced coal bed methane in 1999, with a project cost of C$3.4 million. Thus far, all testing has been successful, and they are assessing the economics of the project. (Enhanced coal bed methane)
Ketzin (Germany). GFZ Potsdam, as part of the European research project, CO₂SINK, began storing CO₂ in aquifers at a depth of 600 meters on June 30, 2008. It plans to store up to 60,000 tons of CO₂ over two years, at a cost of €15 million. (Storage)
Schwarze Pumpe (Germany). Vattenfall opened its pilot 30Mw coal oxyfuel combustion plant with CO₂ capture on Sept. 9, 2008. (Coal plant with capture)
Mountaineer Power Plant (West Virginia). In 2009, American Electric Power began capturing CO₂ from a portion of the coal-based plant's emissions (20MW) using chilled ammonia. They will store about 100,000 tons of CO₂ per year in a deep saline aquifer injection well. The cost of the project is $70 million, and it may be increased to 235 MW in 2014-2015. (Coal CCS)
Lacq (France). Total retrofitted a 30 MW gas-fired oxyfuel facility with CO₂ capture in Jan. 2010. It will capture 120,000 tons of CO₂ over two years, at a cost of $85.6 million. (Gas CCS)

Proposed Projects

Domestic

Northeastern Plant (Oklahoma). At a 200MW coal-fired unit, AEP plans to capture up to 1.5 million tons of CO₂ per year beginning in 2011. This CO₂ will be used in EOR. (Coal capture, EOR)
Antelope Valley Station (North Dakota). About one million tons of CO₂ per year will be captured and stored from this 120MW slipstream project at a coal-based plant. Announced by Basin Electric Power Cooperative and Powerspan Corporation, this project is expected to begin in 2009 and be operational in 2012. (Coal Capture, EOR)
WA Parrish (Texas). NRG Energy and Powerspan will capture 1 million tons of CO₂ per year starting in 2012. (Coal Capture, EOR)
Jamestown (New York). A 50MW oxyfuel plant will be built in 2012 with CCS. (Coal CCS)
Hydrogen Energy California Project (California). Hydrogen Energy and Rio Tinto will capture 2 million tons per year from a 390MW IGCC plant in 2014. (Capture, EOR)
Tenaska (Texas). Tenaska will build a 600MW supercritical plant in 2015. (Coal Capture, EOR)
AMPGS (Ohio). American Municipal Power, Bechtel and Powerspan will build a 1000MW IGCC plant in 2015. (Coal Capture, EOR)

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships

The West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership will conduct a large-scale test in which it will inject one million tons of CO₂ over four years into deep geologic formations in the San Joaquin Valley of California. This project will cost $90.6 million (the DOE share, subject to annual appropriations, is $65.6 million). (Storage)
The Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration will inject two million tons of CO₂ over four years from a natural CO₂ deposit into Jurassic-age sandstone. This project will cost $88.8 million (the DOE share, subject to annual appropriations, is $65.4 million). (Storage)
The Plains CO₂ Reduction Partnership will inject one million tons of CO₂ (from coal-based plants and gas processing plants) per year into a deep carbonate saline formation in the Williston Basin in North Dakota. It will also inject 1.8 million tons of CO₂ into a deep saline sandstone formation in the Alberta Basin in British Columbia. Together, these projects will cost $135.6 million (the DOE share, subject to annual appropriations, is $67.0 million). (Storage)
The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium will inject one million tons of CO₂ from an ethanol plant over three years into the Mount Simon sandstone formation in central Illinois. This project will cost $84.3 million (the DOE share, subject to annual appropriations, is $66.7 million). (Storage)
The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership will inject one million tons of CO₂ from an ethanol plant into the Mount Simon sandstone formation in Ohio. This project will cost $92.8 million (the DOE share, subject to annual appropriation, is $61.1 million). (Storage)
The Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership will inject one million tons of CO₂ per year from natural deposits into the Tuscaloosa Massive Sandstone in Mississippi and Louisiana. Phase Two of this test will involve constructing a post-combustion CO₂ capture plant, below which CO₂ will be injected for up to six years. This project will cost $93.7 million (the DOE share, subject to annual appropriations, is $64.9 million). (Storage and eventually coal CCS)
The Big Sky Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership will inject one million tons of CO₂ per year from a planned helium and natural gas processing plant into the Nuggest Sandstone formation. The project will cost $130.6 million (the DOE share, subject to annual appropriations, is $66.9 million). (Storage)
The Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership and Southern Company will capture CO₂ from Plant Barry (a natural gas power plant) and transport it to the Citronelle Oil Field. Beginning in 2011, 150,000 tons of CO₂ will be stored annually.

International

Kaarsto (Norway). A 420MW gas-fired plant is being retrofitted with post-combustion capture technology by Naturkraft, and 1.2 million tons of CO₂ will be stored per year. (CCS, EOR)
Mongstad (Norway). StatoilHydro plans to store 100,000 tons of CO₂ a year starting in 2010 from a combined heat and power facility. (CCS)
Sargas Husnes (Norway). Sargas will store 2.6 million tons of CO₂ per year starting in 2011 from a post-combustion coal plant. (Coal CCS, EOR)
Gorgon (Australia). CO₂ from gas production will be injected into deep formations off the coast beginning in 2011. (Storage)
Belchatow (Poland). In 2011, Alstom and PGE will start work on a coal CCS plant that will store 100,000 tons of CO₂ per year. (Coal CCS)
Ferrybridge (UK). Scottish and Southern Energy will retrofit a coal plant and store 1.7 million tons of CO₂ per year starting in 2012. (Coal CCS)
Teesside (UK). Centrica will capture and store 5 million tons of CO₂ per year from an IGCC plant starting in 2012. (Coal Capture, EOR)
Aalborg (Denmark). Beginning in 2013, Vattenfall will capture and store 1.8 million tons of CO₂ per year. (Coal CCS)
Abu Dhabi (UAE). Masdar and Hydrogen Energy plan to remove 2 million tons of CO₂ per year from various sources using pre-combustion beginning in 2013. (Capture, EOR)
Rotterdam (Netherlands). C Gen will capture and store CO2 from a 400-450MW hydrogen plant in 2014. . (CCS/EOR)
Longannet (UK). A 3390MW coal CCS plant will be built in 2014. (Coal CCS)
Huerth (Germany). RWE will capture and store 2.8 million tons of CO₂ per year starting in 2014. (Coal CCS)
Kedzierzyn (Poland). PKE and ZAK will capture and store 2.4 million tons of CO₂ per year starting in 2014. (Coal CCS)
Hatfield (UK). Powerfuel will build a 900MW IGCC plant in 2014. (Coal CCS)
Killingholme (UK). E.ON will build a 450MW IGCC plant in 2014. (Coal CCS)
Onllwyn (UK). Valleys Energy plans to store 2.4 million tons of CO₂ per year from an IGCC plant beginning in 2014. (Coal CCS)
RWE (Germany). IGCC plant (400-450MW) at which CO₂ will be captured and stored in a saline formation or gas reservoir beginning in 2015. (Coal CCS)
ZeroGen (Australia). An IGCC power plant (530MW) at which CO₂ will be captured and stored in a saline formation beginning in 2015. (Coal CCS)
Janschwalde (Germany). Vattenfall will store more than 1 million tons of CO₂ per year beginning in 2015. (Coal Capture, EOR)
Boundary Dam (Canada). SaskPower will retrofit a 100MW coal plant to capture 1 million tons of CO2 per year for EOR in 2015. (Coal Capture, EOR)
Lednice (Czech Republic). A coal plant will be retrofitted to capture and store 900,000 tons of CO2 per year in 2015. (Coal CCS)
Hodinin (Czech Republic). A coal/biomass plant will be built in 2015 that will capture and store 300,000 tons of CO2 per year. (Coal CCS)
Nuon Magnum (Netherlands). A 1200MW IGCC plant will be built in 2015. (Coal CCS)
Compostilla Endesa (Spain). In 2015, a coal/biomass plant will be built that will capture and store 2.75 million tons of CO2 per year. (Coal CCS)
Union Fenosa (Spain). In 2016, a coal CCS plant will be built that will store 1 million tons of CO2 per year. (Coal CCS)
ENEL CCS1 (Italy). Beginning in 2016, ENEL will capture and store more than 1 million tons of CO₂ per year. (Coal CCS)
GreenGen (China). An IGCC plant (650MW) will have CCS in 2018. (Peabody is a partner in this project.) (Coal CCS)
Vattenfall (Germany). A large-scale commercial plant (1000MW) will have CCS in 2020. (Coal CCS)
Maasvlatke (Netherlands). An 1100MW coal plant will be built with CCS in 2020. (Coal CCS)